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• Short-termÌýeffects can include slurred speech, reduced inhibitions, motor impairment, confusion, drowsiness, emotional changes, sleep disruption, memory problems, concentration problems, reduced reaction time, decreased breathing and heart functions
• Long-termÌýeffects can include disruption of brain development, brain cell death, liver damage/cirrhosis of the liver, stomach and intestinal ulcers, increases in blood pressure, and other complications
• OverdoseÌý(alcohol poisoning) symptoms can include nausea and vomiting, loss of bladder and bowel control, blackouts (acute memory impairment), mental confusion, temporary loss of consciousness (with snoring/gasping for air), erratic breathing, hypothermia, paleness/blueness of skin, coma, death
• Risk of physical dependence:ÌýLow to high
• Risk of psychological dependence:ÌýModerate to high
• WithdrawalÌýsymptoms can include shaky hands, sweating, anxiety, nausea/vomiting, headache, insomnia, disorientation*, hallucinations*, seizures*, coma/death* *in more chronic cases
• Please see "Hazards of Combinations" Category for dangerous combinations involving alcohol

Amphetamine ("speed"), cocaine, methamphetamine ("crystal meth") and more

• Short-termÌýeffects can include increased heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and body temperature; decreased appetite; shakiness; cramping; anxiety; irregular heartbeat; panic attacks; irritability; paranoia; seizures; strokes
  • When injected, there is an increased risk of infection (HIV and hepatitis)
  • Many methamphetamine users experience skin wounds - "crank sores" (picking at imaginary bugs crawling on skin leads to scabs and infections)
• Long-termÌýeffects can include reduced appetite, tremors, loss of coordination, delirium, panic, paranoia, insomnia, hostility, brain damage, liver damage, chest pain, respiratory failure, nausea, seizures, and strokes
• OverdoseÌýsymptoms can include intense chest pain, hallucinations, extremely shallow, slowed or stoppage of breathing, hyperthermia (fever), seizures, and sudden cardiac death
• Risk of physical dependence:ÌýPossible, but rare
• Risk of psychological dependence:ÌýLow (oral); high (snorted, injected IV, or smoked)
• WithdrawalÌýsymptoms can include depression, disorientation, irritability, craving, and sleep disturbance
• CombiningÌýcocaine and alcohol forms a third substance by the liver called Cocaethylene, which intensifies the effects of both drugs and increases risk of sudden death. Single high doses of cocaine or methamphetamine can lead to seizures, stroke, and sudden cardiac death.

Adderall, Ritalin and more

• Short-termÌýeffects can include increased heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, body temperature, decreased appetite, shakiness, cramping, anxiety, irregular heartbeat, panic attacks, irritability, paranoia, seizures and strokes
  • Risks increase when taken in a way or dose other than prescribed.
• Long-termÌýeffects can include damage to brain, blood vessels, liver, and kidneys, infectious diseases (if injected), damage to nose tissue (if snorted), malnutrition, disorientation, confusion, depression, paranoia, hostility, and seizures
• OverdoseÌýsymptoms can include intense chest pain; extremely shallow, slowed, or stoppage of breathing; hyperthermia (fever); seizures; and possible death
• Risk of physical dependence:ÌýPossible, but rare
• Risk of psychological dependence:ÌýLow (oral); high (snorted, injected IV, or smoked)
• WithdrawalÌýsymptoms can include fatigue, depression, disorientation, irritability, craving, and sleep disturbance
• CombinedÌýwith alcohol, the depressant effects of alcohol may be blocked, resulting in consumption of potentially dangerous amounts of alcohol

Marijuana, hashish, THC oils and extracts, edibles

Methods of consumption involving THC-extraction (high concentration of psychoactive ingredient in cannabis) have both increased desired and risky effects (e.g., edibles, oils, hash, dabs, etc.)

• Short-termÌýeffects can include slowed thinking and reaction time; confusion; emotional distress; increased heart rate; impaired balance; impaired learning and memory; and lack of coordination
• Long-termÌýeffects can include cough; respiratory infections; impaired learning and memory; increased heart rate; anxiety; panic attacks; and sleep difficulties
• OverdoseÌýsymptoms can include fatigue; paranoia; at very high doses a hallucinogen-like psychotic state
• Risk of physical dependence:ÌýLow
• Risk of psychological dependence:ÌýModerate
• WithdrawalÌýsymptoms can include irritability, anxiety, decreased appetite, restlessness, sleep difficulty

• Short-termÌýeffects can include shallow breathing, flushing of skin, heaviness of extremities, drowsiness, nausea, constipation, spontaneous abortion (for women), difficulty urinating, and gastrointestinal distress
• Long-termÌýeffects can include tolerance; liver or kidney disease; if using a needle abscesses, infectious diseases (HIV, hepatitis, etc.), and collapsed veins; infection of heart lining and valves; sexual and reproduction impairment in men and women
• OverdoseÌýsymptoms can include slow and shallow breathing; clammy skin; constricted pupils; slow heart rate; lack of oxygen to the brain; coma; and death
• Risk of physical dependence:ÌýHigh
• Risk of psychological dependence:ÌýVery high (IV)
• WithdrawalÌýsymptoms can include restlessness; muscle and bone pain; insomnia; diarrhea; vomiting; cold flashes and goose bumps; and craving
• CombinedÌýwith alcohol or over-the-counter medications increases risk of overdose, convulsions, coma, and death

Codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone (Vicodin), Methadone, morphine, Oxycodone (OxyContin), Percocet and more.

Prescription narcotic, opiate pain relievers that can be addictive, create a euphoric high similar to heroin. Prescription opioid use, even when used as prescribed by a doctor can lead to a substance use disorder.

• Short-termÌýeffects can include shallow breathing, drowsiness, nausea, constipation, headache, vomiting, flushing of skin, difficulty urinating, anxiety, and other mood changes
  • Risks increase when taken in a way or dose other than prescribed.
• Long-termÌýeffects can include tolerance; muscle breakdown; kidney failure; cardiovascular problems; increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature; and depression
  • Long-term usage from injection can cause cardiovascular damage, scarred/collapsed veins, risks of infections (HIV, hepatitis, etc.)
• OverdoseÌýsymptoms can include slow and shallow breathing; slow heart-rate; clammy skin; constricted pupils; extreme drowsiness; seizure; loss of consciousness/fainting; muscle weakness; coma; and death
• Risk of physical dependence:ÌýVaries, but many carry high risk
• Risk of psychological dependence:ÌýVaries, but many carry high risk
• WithdrawalÌýsymptoms can include restlessness, irritability, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, emotional distress, cold flashes and goose bumps, and craving
• CombinedÌýwith alcohol or over-the-counter medicines increases risk of overdose, convulsions, coma, and death

A synthetic opioid that is up to 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times stronger than morphine. It is highly addictive and it is very easy to overdose on. Fentanyl is manufactured as both a pharmaceutical drug and an illicit drug. Fentanyl is often mixed with or "cut" into opioids such as heroin and counterfeit prescription drugs. Over the past years, it has been increasingly cut into other non-opioid drugs (liquid or powder form) such as ecstasy, cocaine, and cannabis. This makes the risk of accidentally ingesting Fentanyl much higher. For more information, visit the .

• Short-term effects can include drowsiness, confusion, pinpoint pupils, constipation, nausea, vomiting, slowed breathing
• Long-term effects can increase the risk of chronic and severe constipation, which may lead to other complications; breathing problems during sleep; heart attack and heart failure; immune system suppression; hormonal and reproductive issues (both men and women); and anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders.
• Overdose symptoms can include tiny pupils; loss of consciousness; shallow, irregular, or stopped breathing; limp body; blue, cold, or pale skin; choking or gurgling noises; coma; and death
• Risk of physical dependence: Very high risk
• Risk of psychological dependence: Very high risk
• Withdrawal symptoms can include dysphoric mood, intense craving for fentanyl, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, sweating, dilated (large) pupils, diarrhea, aching muscles, and fever.

MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine, "ecstasy", "molly")

• Short-termÌýeffects can include jitteriness, muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, rapid eye movements, dizziness, chills, sweating, decreased appetite, sleep difficulties, depression, panic attacks, paranoia, and psychotic episodes
• Long-termÌýeffects can include muscle breakdown; kidney failure; cardiovascular problems; increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature; and damage to serotonin neurons
• OverdoseÌýsymptoms can include jitteriness, involuntary teeth clenching, high blood pressure, increased body temperature, panic attacks, loss of consciousness, kidney failure, seizures, coma, and death
• Risk of physical dependence:ÌýUnknown
• Risk of psychological dependence:ÌýUnknown
• WithdrawalÌýsymptoms can include fatigue, loss of appetite, depression, and trouble concentrating
• CombinedÌýwith alcohol may cause nausea, vomiting, coma, and death (particularly in active, hot environments). Dangerous when combined with certain antidepressants (MAO inhibitors)

Xanax, Valium, Rohypnol ("roofies"), GHB, Ketamine, Ambien, Xylazine, and more.

Xylazine is a powerful sedative, also known as "Tranq", that has been increasingly found in fentanyl power and pills. This significantly increases the risk of users suffering from a fatal overdose. Because it is a sedative and not an opioid, Narcan (naloxone) cannot reverse its effects, making it all the more dangerous.

Effects of sedative-hypnotics and benzodiazepines include:

• Short-termÌýeffects can include light-headedness; vertigo; drowsiness; slurred speech; muscle incoordination; impaired learning and memory (from a couple hours to more than a day); anxiety; nightmares; and hostility
  • Risks increase when taken in a way or dose other than prescribed.
• Long-termÌýeffects can include learning and memory impairment; depression; psychotic experiences; aggressive and impulsive behaviors
• OverdoseÌýsymptoms can include memory impairment; drowsiness; muscle incoordination; slurred speech; unresponsiveness; loss of reflexes such as blinking, gagging and reacting to painful stimulus; shallow or stopped breathing; heart failure; coma; and death
• Risk of physical dependence:ÌýLow to moderate (benzodiazepines); moderate to high (sedatives); low (hypnotics)
• Risk of psychological dependence:ÌýModerate to high (benzodiazepines); moderate to high (sedatives); low (hypnotics)
• WithdrawalÌýsymptoms can include sleep disturbance; anxiety; insomnia; tremors; delirium; convulsions; increased heart and blood pressure; auditory and visual hallucinations; seizures; and death. (Medical supervision is needed!)
• CombinedÌýwith other depressants (e.g., alcohol, opiates, benzodiazepines, etc.), can slow down the respiratory system to dangerous levels, increasing risk for convulsions, coma, or death

LSD "acid", mushrooms/psilocybin, PCP, Ketamine, salvia

• Short-termÌýeffects can include visual illusions; hallucinations; altered perception of one’s own body; increased blood pressure and heart rate; anxiety and/or panic symptoms; fear of going insane; suicidal/homicidal ideation
• Long-termÌýeffects can include flashbacks; changes in brain chemistry; depression; other mood shifts; symptoms of schizophrenia (Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder), though psychotic symptoms can occur following minimal use as well
• OverdoseÌýsymptoms are rare and poorly understood. May resemble a state of psychosis. More dangerous than overdose symptoms are individuals acting on irrational thoughts experienced when under the influence.
• Risk of physical dependence:ÌýVaries none to low; some unknown
• Risk of psychological dependence:ÌýVaries low to high; some unknown
• WithdrawalÌýsymptoms are rare and poorly understood
• Combined with alcohol may intensify negative experiences (also known as "bad trips") and leave the user intoxicated and experiencing perceptual distortions, which can lead to very dangerous behavior.

Nitrous oxide/whippets, aerosol propellants, nitrates, solvent glue and more

• Short-termÌýeffects can include intoxicating effects, accidents, disorientation, slurred speech, lack of muscular coordination, loss of consciousness, headaches, vomiting, asphyxiation, seizures, coma, and death
  • Use while engaging in sexual activities can also lead to unsafe sexual practices, thus risking transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
  • Higher risk of death from first time use
• Long-termÌýeffects can include central nervous system, brain, kidneys, liver, heart, and lung damage
• OverdoseÌýsymptoms can include slurred speech, balance difficulties, headaches, vomiting, suppression of respiration, seizures, and coma
• Risk of physical dependence:ÌýVaries
• Risk of psychological dependence:ÌýVaries
• WithdrawalÌýsymptoms can include nausea, loss of appetite, sweating, headaches, sleep difficulties, and mood changes
• CombinedÌýwith alcohol, inhalants can dangerously lower blood pressure

• Alcohol (a depressant) + Other Depressants (heroin, OxyContin, Vicodin, Xanax, Valium, etc.) -Ìýheart rate and respiration slows down, increased risk of coma, convulsions, and death
• Alcohol + Stimulants -Ìýcan lead to nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, coma, and death
• Alcohol + Antihistamines -Ìýintensifies the sedative effects of the drugs
• Alcohol + Antidepressants -Ìýmay lead to blood pressure problems; increases sedative effects of the antidepressant; and increases negative effect of alcohol on the liver. Using alcohol with certain antidepressants (MAO inhibitors) can cause potentially fatal sudden increases in blood pressure, known as hypertensive crisis

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Stop Overdose. (2024).
Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice. (2022).
Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice. (2022).
Hart, C. & Ksir, C. (2018). Drugs, society & human behavior. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Kuhn, C., Swartzwelder, S., & Wilson, W. (2019). Buzzed: the straight facts about the most used and abused drugs from alcohol to ecstasy. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company Inc.
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health. (2023).

Sanctions are in place to address policy violations of ¿ì»îÁÖÐÔϢ’s Drug-Free Workplace Policy. ÌýIf an individual is a permanent employee the matter would be addressed through formal disciplinary action in accordance with State regulations and the Education Codes. For example, the action could be suspension without pay or dismissal, depending on the circumstances of the case. If an employee is temporary or probationary ¿ì»îÁÖÐÔÏ¢ would end the appointment or reject during probation.

The California State University (CSU) judicial process is governed by . At California State University, Northridge (¿ì»îÁÖÐÔÏ¢), the Student Conduct Administrator is the Assistant Dean of Students and Director of Student Conduct and Ethical Development (ADOS), under the purview of the University’s chief judicial officer, Vice President of Student Affairs/Dean of Students. Reports of violations of the or the campus policy on the , are referred to the ADOS for review of the facts and circumstances contained in written referrals.

Below are definitions of the formal disciplinary sanctions as defined by CSU EO 1098 (Article V):

1. Disciplinary Probation. A designated period of time during which privileges of continuing in Student status are conditioned upon future behavior. Conditions may include the potential loss of specified privileges to which a current Student would otherwise be entitled, or the probability of more severe disciplinary sanctions if the Student is found to violate the Student Conduct Code or any University policy during the probationary period.
2. Suspension. Temporary separation of the Student from active Student status or Student status.Ìý
   1. A Student who is suspended for less than one academic year shall be placed on inactive Student (or equivalent) status (subject to individual Campus policies) and remains eligible to re-enroll at the University (subject to individual Campus enrollment policies) once the suspension has been served. Conditions for re-enrollment may be specified.
   2. A Student who is suspended for one academic year or more shall be separated from Student status but remains eligible to reapply to the University (subject to individual Campus application polices) once the suspension has been served. Conditions for readmission may be specified.
   3. Suspension of one academic year or more, withdrawals in lieu of suspension, and withdrawals with pending misconduct investigations or disciplinary proceedings shall be entered on the Student's transcript permanently without exception; this requirement shall not be waived in connection with a resolution agreement.
3. Expulsion. Permanent separation of the Student from Student status from the California State University system. Expulsion, withdrawal in lieu of expulsion, and withdrawal with pending misconduct investigation or disciplinary proceeding shall be entered on the Student's transcript permanently, without exception; this requirement shall not be waived in connection with a resolution agreement.

Proposed legal sanctions for local alcohol and other drug violations are decided by the court and filing district or city attorney. Sanctions may include fines, community service, incarceration, and more.ÌýAÌýÌýis provided by American Legal Publishing.

California laws regarding use, sale, and distribution of alcohol and other drugs by individuals or businesses are organized into code types (e.g. Business and Professions; Health and Safety; and Vehicle Codes. Direct links to some of these laws, which are enforced by the ¿ì»îÁÖÐÔÏ¢ Department of Police Services, are provided below. The full text of these state laws and their associated penalties can be found in the code search section of the California Legislative Information website.

Business and Professions Code

DIVISION 9 Alcoholic Beverages 23000-25762

• CHAPTER 1 General Provisions and Definitions 23000-23047ÌýDefinitions for alcohol and alcohol products.
• CHAPTER 16 Regulatory Provisions; Article 1 In General 25602, 25608ÌýSelling, furnishing, giving alcohol to intoxicated individuals and minors; Alcohol in or on a public schoolhouse or grounds.
• CHAPTER 16 Regulatory Provisions; ARTICLE 3 Women and Minors 25657-25668ÌýFurnishing alcohol to minors; Possession of false ID; Minor in possession of alcohol; Drinking in public.

Civil Code

ÌýFurnishing alcohol to an intoxicated person or minor.

Health and Safety Code

• ÌýDefinitions for various drugs, drug paraphernalia, etc.
• ÌýScheduled drugs and derivatives.
• ÌýOffenses and penalties for specific substances.
  • ÌýPossession of controlled substance without a prescription and more.Ìý
  • ÌýPossession; use; sale; cultivation, transport; synthetic cannabinoids and more.Ìý

Vehicle Code

ÌýDriving under the influence; Use and possession.

California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control

The sale and service of alcoholic beverages must also be conducted in accordance the California Alcoholic Beverage Control Act and any regulations under the California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control. The provide more information.
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The , found on the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration website provides information on the Controlled Substances Act including drug scheduling, drug classes, federal tracking penalties (controlled substances and marijuana), and resources. The following table provide some of the penalties for possession.

Federal Penalties for Possession
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